Change the Wi-Fi Channel Number to Avoid Interference

One reason your wireless network may have poor Wi-Fi signal is because of interference caused by other devices. Since many wireless home networks transmit their signals in a narrow radio frequency range around 2.4 GHz, it's common for devices on the same frequency to affect the wireless signal.

Other electronics in a home, like cordless phones, garage door openers, baby monitors, and microwave ovens, may also use this same frequency range. Any such device can easily interfere with a wireless home network, slowing down its performance and potentially breaking network connections.

Likewise, the wireless networks of neighbors generally all use the same form of radio signaling. Especially in residences that share walls with each other, interference between different home networks is not uncommon.

Fortunately, most routers give you the option to change the wireless channel so they can communicate on a different frequency to avoid interference.

The 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi signal range is divided into a number of smaller bands or channels, similar to television channels. In most countries, Wi-Fi network equipment provides a set of available channels to choose from.

In the United States, for example, any of the Wi-Fi channels 1 through 11 can be chosen when setting up a wireless LAN (WLAN). Setting this channel number strategically can help avoid sources of wireless interference.

Wi-Fi equipment in the US often ships with its default Wi-Fi channel set to 6. If encountering interference from other devices within the home, consider changing the channel up or down to avoid it. However, remember that all Wi-Fi devices on a network must use the same channel.

Unlike television channels, some Wi-Fi channel numbers overlap with each other. Channel 1 uses the lowest frequency band and each subsequent channel increases the frequency slightly. Therefore, the further apart two channel numbers are, the less the degree of overlap and likelihood of interference. If encountering interference with a neighbor's WLAN, change to a more distant channel.

The three Wi-Fi channels 1, 6, and 11 have no frequency overlap with each other. Use one of these three channels for best results.

Newer 802.11n and 802.11ac Wi-Fi networks also support 5 GHz wireless connections. These frequencies are much less likely to suffer from wireless interference issues in homes the way 2.4 GHz does. Additionally, the 5 GHz Wi-Fi channel choices available in most home network equipment have been pre-selected to choose only the non-overlapping ones.

Choices vary by country, but in the United States, these non-overlapping 5 GHz channels are most recommended: 36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157 and 161.

Usable non-overlapping 5 GHz channels also exist between 48 and 149, specifically 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, and 136. These channels fall into a specially regulated category where a Wi-Fi transmitter is required to detect whether other devices are already transmitting on the same channel and automatically changes its channel to avoid conflict.

While this Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) feature avoids interference issues, many network administrators simply avoid using these channels altogether to minimize complications.

You can, of course, find the wireless channel your router is using by accessing the router's administrative pages and looking under a Wireless or WLAN related section. This is also the only way to change the Wi-Fi channel.

You can usually access these setting via your router's webpage, usually at the router's IP address. Log into the page, then look for something referring to wireless channels or WLAN. It's extremely simple so long as you can find the right page in the settings. Most routers will have the option under a similar menu, or maybe one called WLAN.

However, if you're just looking for an easy way to see what the wireless channel is set as, you can use any number of mobile or desktop wireless apps. For example, this list of free Wi-Fi apps includes several apps that point out the channel of not only your own network but also the WLANs that your device can see in range.

The ability to see nearby wireless networks and their channels is crucial because you can only understand which channel to change yours too if you know what the other channels are set at.

Wireless interference is only one of several possible causes of a slow network connection. If you've changed the wireless channel but you still have a slow connection, consider the following:

• The best place to position your wireless router. The position of your access point is crucial. If it's too high or too low, or behind too many walls, you won't get the most out of the signal like you would if it were positioned in a better place.
• Test your internet speed to compare it with what you are paying for. Either you'll find that you are paying for a lower speed, and thus you can pay more for something faster, or you'll find out that you're not getting as fast as speeds as what you're paying your ISP for, in which case you can either buy a new router or contact your ISP for support.
• Your computer itself may be slow, not the network, in which case you can try to speed up your computer. Sometimes, it's the computer itself (like the web browser or email client) that is slow but it appears as though the internet (network) is slow because those programs use the internet.