How to Lock a Folder in Windows 10

This article explains how to lock a folder in Windows 10 using the built-in encryption tool or a password protection program.

How Do I Lock a Specific Folder?

Windows has an encryption tool to prevent other users from opening your files, but install a more robust third-party tool for greater privacy.

While there's more than one method, the easiest doesn't involve any third-party programs. Windows 10 has this feature built-in.

1. Right-click the folder you want to lock, and select Properties.
   

2. Select Advanced at the bottom of the General tab.
   

3. Check the box next to Encrypt contents to secure data.
   

4. Select OK, and then OK again on the Properties window to save.
   

   Windows will prompt you to back up your file encryption key to avoid permanently losing access to your encrypted files. You can follow those steps (keep reading) or ignore them.
   

   If you don't see the prompt, but you still want to back up the encryption key, skip ahead to the next section.
   

5. Select Back up now (recommended) if you followed the notification to back it up.
   

6. Start the Certificate Export Wizard by selecting Next on the first screen.
   

7. Keep the defaults selected, and then press Next again.
   

8. Select the box next to Password to enable the password, and fill out the text fields below. Select Next.
   

9. Choose where to save the PFX file, and give it a name.
   

10. Select Next to review the information you provided and select Finish to complete the export.
    

11. Select OK on the successful export prompt. If you ever need to use this certificate, just open it from wherever you saved it in step 9, and follow the on-screen prompts.
    

How to Back Up Locked Folder Encryption Keys in Windows 10

Follow these steps to manually back up keys for encrypted folders:

1. Press WIN+R to open the Run command (or just select the search bar on the taskbar), type certmgr.msc, then press Enter.
   

2. In the left pane, go to Personal > Certificates.
   

3. Select all certificates for Encrypting File System.

4. Right-click on the selected files, then go to All Tasks > Export.

5. Refer to steps 6-11 in the previous section to complete the backup.

How Encrypted Files Work on Windows 10

You should know how encrypted files behave in Windows to ensure this is the method you want to use.

Take this as an example: An encrypted folder exists on the root of the C drive of a computer with two users. John encrypts the folder and all the files inside it. He has complete control over the data.

Another user, Mark, logs in to his account, where he can do nearly everything John can:

• See file names
• Rename files
• Move and delete the folder and its files
• Add more files to the folder

However, because John encrypted the files in the folder, Mark can't open them. Mark can, however, do essentially anything else.

Any files Mark adds to the encrypted folder are automatically encrypted, but now the permissions are reversed: Since Mark is the logged-in user, he can open the files he adds, but John can't.

Can You Put a Password on a Folder?

Windows 10 doesn't have a way to put a password on a folder, apart from what we described above. That method is similar to other password protection techniques in that you need to provide the correct user account password before you can view the encrypted data.

There are, however, third-party tools that let you define any password as the folder password, utterly independent of the logged-in user. The methods described below are arguably more private than Windows' encryption procedure because they can obfuscate the file names and hide even the folder itself.

Password Protect and Hide the Folder

Wise Folder Hider is a good example. This program is ideal if you're protective of the data because it can hide the folder behind two passwords. It can also secure entire flash drives and encrypt individual files.

1. Open the program and define an initial password. This is what will be entered each time you want to open Wise Folder Hider.
   

2. From the Hide File tab, select Hide folder, and choose the folder you want to protect behind a password (or drag the folder into the program window). Any folder but system folders are allowed.

   After choosing it, the folder will immediately disappear from its original location. To view it again, select the menu button to the right and select Open; it will open in File Explorer. Select Close to hide it again, or Unhide to permanently restore it.
   

3. Optionally, for greater security, you can force another password to be entered before opening that specific folder. To do that, press the down arrow to the right of the folder path, and select Set Password.

Make a Password Protected Copy

7-Zip is another favorite. Instead of hiding the original folder, it creates a copy and then encrypts the copy.

1. Right-click the folder and go to 7-Zip > Add to archive.
   

2. Change Archive format to be 7z.

3. Enter a password in the text fields in the Encryption section.
   

4. Optionally define other settings, such as these:

   • Archive is the file name and path to where the encrypted file should be saved.
   • Encrypt file names prevents someone from seeing the file names without providing the password.
   • Create SFX archive lets someone provide the password to decrypt the folder even if they don't have 7-Zip installed. Ideal for sharing the folder; it turns the file extension into EXE.
   • Compression level can be set to a different level to make the file smaller, though it might also increase the encryption and decryption time.

5. Select OK.
   

Other apps are available if you prefer to put your secret files on a virtual hard drive with a custom password.