15 Linux Terminal Commands That Will Rock Your World

The following keyboard shortcuts are incredibly useful and will save you loads of time:

• CTRL + U - Cuts text up until the cursor.
• CTRL + K - Cuts text from the cursor until the end of the line
• CTRL + Y - Pastes text
• CTRL + E - Move cursor to end of line
• CTRL + A - Move cursor to the beginning of the line
• ALT + F - Jump forward to next space
• ALT + B - Skip back to previous space
• ALT + Backspace - Delete the previous word
• CTRL + W - Cut word behind cursor
• Shift + Insert - Pastes text into terminal

Just so that the commands above make sense look at the next line of text.

sudo apt-get install programname

As you can see there is a spelling error and for the command to work I would need to change "intall" to "install".

Imagine the cursor is at the end of the line. There are various ways to get back to the word install to change it.

You could press ALT + B twice, which would put the cursor in the following position (denoted by the ^ symbol):

sudo apt-get^intall programname

Now you could press the cursor key and insert the ''s' into install.

Another useful command is shift + insert, especially If you need to copy text from a browser into the terminal.

You are going to really thank me for the next command if you don't already know it because until you know this exists you curse yourself every time you enter a command and the words permission denied appear.

• sudo !!

How do you use sudo!!? Simply. Imagine you have entered the following command:

apt-get install ranger

The words Permission denied will appear unless you are logged in with elevated privileges.

sudo !! runs the previous command as sudo. So the previous command now becomes:

sudo apt-get install ranger

You can run terminal commands in the background.

• CTRL + Z - Pauses an application
• fg - Returns you to the application

Imagine you have opened a file in nano as follows:

sudo nano abc.txt

Halfway through typing text into the file, you realize that you quickly want to type another command into the terminal but you can't because you opened nano in foreground mode.

You may think your only option is to save the file, exit nano, run the command and then re-open nano.

All you have to do is press CTRL + Z and the foreground application will pause and you will be returned to the command line. You can then run any command you like and when you have finished return to your previously paused session by entering fg into the terminal window and pressing return.

An interesting thing to try out is to open a file in nano, enter some text and pause the session. Now open another file in nano, enter some text and pause the session. If you now enter fg you return to the second file you opened in nano. If you exit nano and enter fg again you return to the first file you opened within nano.

The nohup command is really useful if you use the ssh command to log onto other machines. 

So what does nohup do?

Imagine you are logged on to another computer remotely using ssh and you want to run a command that takes a long time and then exit the ssh session but leave the command running even though you are no longer connected then nohup lets you do just that.

For instance, you can use a Raspberry PI to download distributions for review purposes. Connect to the Raspberry PI via ssh from a laptop. If you started downloading a large file on the Raspberry PI without using the nohup command then you would have to wait for the download to finish before logging off the ssh session and before shutting down the laptop. If you did this then you may as well have not used the Raspberry PI to download the file at all.

To use nohup all you have to type is nohup followed by the command as follows:

nohup wget http://mirror.is.co.za/mirrors/linuxmint.com/iso//stable/17.1/linuxmint-17.1-cinnamon-64bit.iso &

The nohup command is good if you are connected to an SSH server and you want the command to remain running after logging out of the SSH session.

Imagine you want to run that same command at a specific point in time.

The at command allows you to do just that. 'at' can be used as follows.

at 10:38 PM Fri
at> cowsay 'hello'
at> CTRL + D

The above command will run the program cowsay at 10:38 p.m. on Friday evening.

The syntax is at followed by the date and time to run.

When the at> prompt appears, enter the command you want to run at the specified time.

The CTRL + D returns you to the cursor.

There are lots of different date and time formats and it is worth checking the man pages for more ways to use at.

Man pages give you an outline of what commands are supposed to do and the switches that can be used with them.

The man pages are kind of dull on their own. (Guess they weren't designed to excite us).

You can, however, do things to make your usage of man more appealing.

export PAGER=most

You will need to install most; for this to work but when you do it makes your man pages more colorful.

You can limit the width of the man page to a certain number of columns using the following command:

export MANWIDTH=80

Finally, if you have a browser available you can open any man page in the default browser by using the -H switch as follows:

man -H <command>

Note this only works if you have a default browser set up within the $BROWSER environment variable.

Which command do you currently use to find out which processes are running on your computer? Our bet is that you are using ps and that you are using various switches to get the output you desire.

Install htop. It is definitely a tool you will wish that you installed earlier.

Htop provides a list of all running processes in the terminal much like the file manager in Windows.

You can use a mixture of function keys to change the sort order and the columns that are displayed. You can also kill processes from within htop.

To run htop simply type the following into the terminal window:

htop

If htop is immensely useful for controlling the processes running via the command line then ranger is immensely useful for navigating the file system using the command line.

You will probably need to install ranger to be able to use it but once installed you can run it simply by typing the following into the terminal:

ranger

The command line window will be much like any other file manager but it works left to right rather than top to bottom meaning that if you use the left arrow key you work your way up the folder structure and the right arrow key works down the folder structure.

It is worth reading the man pages before using ranger so that you can get used to all keyboard switches that are available.

So you started the shutdown either via the command line or from the GUI and you realized that you really didn't want to do that.

• shutdown -c

Note that if the shutdown has already started then it may be too late to stop the shutdown.

Another command to try is as follows:

• pkill shutdown

Imagine you are running an application and for whatever reason, it hangs.

You could use ps -ef to find the process and then kill the process or you could use htop.

There is a quicker and easier command that you will love called xkill.

Simply type the following into a terminal and then click on the window of the application you want to kill.

xkill

What happens though if the whole system is hanging?

Hold down the 'alt' and 'sysrq' keys on your keyboard and whilst they are held down type the following slowly:

REISUB

This will restart your computer without having to hold the power button.

Generally speaking, most of us are quite happy for Youtube to host the videos and we watch them by streaming them through our chosen media player.

If you know you are going to be offline for a while (i.e. due to a plane journey or traveling between the south of Scotland and the north of England) then you may wish to download a few videos onto a pen drive and watch them at your leisure.

All you have to do is install youtube-dl from your package manager.

You can use youtube-dl as follows:

youtube-dl url-to-video

You can get the URL to any video on Youtube by clicking the share link on the video's page. Simply copy the link and paste it into the command line (using the shift + insert shortcut).

The wget command makes it possible for you to download files from the web using the terminal.

The syntax is as follows:

wget path/to/filename

For example:

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/download

There are a large number of switches that can be used with wget such as -O which lets you output the filename to a new name.

In the example above we downloaded  AntiX Linux from Sourceforge. The filename antiX-15-V_386-full.iso is quite long. It would be nice to download it as just antix15.iso. To do this use the following command:

wget -O antix.iso http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/download

Downloading a single file doesn't seem worth it, you could easily just navigate to the web page using a browser and click the link.

If, however, you want to download a dozen files then being able to add the links to an import file and use wget to download the files from those links will be much quicker.

Simply use the the -i switch as follows:

wget -i /path/to/importfile

This one isn't so much useful as a bit of fun.

Draw a steam train in your terminal window using the following command:

sl

Another one that isn't particularly useful but just a bit of fun is the fortune command.

Like the sl command, you might need to install it from your repository first.

Then simply type the following to get your fortune told

fortune