How to Ping a Computer or a Web Site

These examples illustrate the use of ping in Microsoft Windows; the same steps can be applied when using other ping applications.

Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux provide command line ping programs that can be run from the operating system shell. Computers can be pinged by either IP address or by name.

To ping a computer by IP address:

• Open a shell prompt (in Microsoft Windows, the Command Prompt or MS-DOS Prompt on the Start Menu).
• Type ping followed by a space and then the IP address.
• Press the Enter (or Return) key.

The graphic above illustrates a typical ping session when a device at the target IP address responds with no network errors:

• Reply from: By default, Microsoft Windows ping sends a series of four messages to the address. The program outputs a confirmation line for each response message received from the target computer.
• Bytes: Each ping request is 32 bytes in size by default.
• Time: Ping reports the amount of time (in milliseconds) between the sending of requests and receipt of responses.
• TTL (Time-to-Live): A value between 1 and 128, TTL can be used to count how many different networks the ping messages passed through before reaching the target computer. A value of 128 indicates the device is on the local network, with 0 other networks in between.

On some computers (particularly those running Linux), the standard ping program does not stop running after four request attempts but instead runs until the user ends it. That is useful for those wanting to monitor the status of a network connection over longer periods of time.

In Microsoft Windows, type ping -t instead of ping at the command line to launch the program in this continuously running mode (and use the Control-C key sequence to stop it).

In some cases, ping requests fail. This happens for any of several reasons:

• The IP address specified by the ping program is invalid.
• The host system (device being used to send pings) is not connected to an IP network (i.e., does not have a working IP address).
• No network device is connected to the target IP address.
• Network congestion or errors in between the host and target are preventing messages from passing through (in one or both directions).

The graphic above illustrates a typical ping session when the program does not receive any responses from the target IP address. Each Reply from line takes several seconds to appear on the screen as the program waits and eventually times out. The IP address referenced in each reply line of the output is the address of the pinging (host) computer.

Though uncommon, it is possible for ping to report a response rate other than 0% (fully unresponsive) or 100% (fully responsive). This most often occurs when the target system is shutting down (as in the example shown) or starting up:

C:\> ping bwmitche-home1
Pinging bwmitche-home1 [192.168.0.8] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.0.8: bytes=32 time=