Internet, Networking, & Security 5G 501 501 people found this article helpful 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, & 5G Explained Understand the technology behind your cell phone by Adam Fendelman Writer Adam Fendelman is a syndicated technology writer and senior web designer whose focus was on web analytics and web design among other things. our editorial process LinkedIn Adam Fendelman Updated on June 17, 2020 reviewed by Jon Fisher Lifewire Tech Review Board Member Jonathan Fisher is a CompTIA certified technologist with more than 6 years' experience writing for publications like TechNorms and Help Desk Geek. our review board Article reviewed on Jun 09, 2020 Jon Fisher Tweet Share Email 5G Browsers Cloud Services Error Messages Family Tech Home Networking 5G Antivirus VPN Web Development Around the Web View More Identifying the strengths of the underlying technology of a cell phone is simple as long as you understand the meaning of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G. 1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology, 2G refers to the second generation of technology, and so on. As you might expect, subsequent generations are faster and contain improved or new features. Most wireless carriers currently support both 4G and 3G technology, which is handy when your location allows your phone to operate only at 3G speeds. Since 1G was introduced in the early 1980s, a new wireless mobile telecommunications technology has been released roughly every 10 years. All of them refer to the technology used by the mobile carrier and device itself. They have different speeds and features that improve on the previous generation. The next generation is 5G, which launched in 2020. Lifewire / Chloe Giroux 1G: Voice Only Remember analog phones back in the day? Cell phones began with 1G technology in the 1980s. 1G is the first generation of wireless cellular technology. 1G supports voice only calls. 1G is analog technology, and the phones using it had poor battery life and voice quality, little security, and were prone to dropped calls. The maximum speed of 1G technology is 2.4 Kbps. 2G: SMS and MMS Cell phones received their first major upgrade when their technology went from 1G to 2G. This leap took place in Finland in 1991 on GSM networks and effectively took cell phones from analog to digital communications. The 2G telephone technology introduced call and text encryption, along with data services such as SMS, picture messages, and MMS. Although 2G replaced 1G and is superseded by later technology versions, it's still used around the world. The maximum speed of 2G with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is 50 Kbps. The max theoretical speed is 384 Kbps with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). EDGE+ can get up to 1.3 Mbps. 2.5G and 2.75G: Data, Finally Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wireless networks, the lesser-known 2.5G and 2.75G were interim standards that bridged the gap to make data transmission — slow data transmission — possible. 2.5G introduced a new packet-switching technique that was more efficient than 2G technology. This led to 2.75G, which provided a theoretical threefold speed increase. AT&T was the first GSM network to support 2.75G with EDGE in the U.S. 2.5G and 2.75G were not defined formally as wireless standards. They served mostly as marketing tools to promote new cell phone features to the public. 3G: More Data, Video Calling, and Mobile Internet The introduction of 3G networks in 1998 ushered in faster data-transmission speeds, so you could use your cell phone in more data-demanding ways such as for video calling and mobile internet access. The term "mobile broadband" was first applied to 3G cellular technology. Like 2G, 3G evolved into the much faster 3.5G and 3.75G as more features were introduced to bring about 4G. The maximum speed of 3G is estimated to be around 2 Mbps for non-moving devices and 384 Kbps in moving vehicles. 4G: The Current Standard The fourth generation of networking, which was released in 2008, is 4G. It supports mobile web access like 3G does and also gaming services, HD mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D TV, and other features that demand high speeds. The max speed of a 4G network when the device is moving is 100 Mbps. The speed is 1 Gbps for low-mobility communication such as when the caller is stationary or walking. Most current cell phone models support both 4G and 3G technologies. 5G: The Next Standard 5G is a wireless technology with a limited rollout that's intended to improve on 4G. 5G promises significantly faster data rates, higher connection density, much lower latency, and energy savings, among other improvements. The anticipated theoretical speed of 5G connections is up to 20 Gbps per second. 5G vs 4G: Everything You Need to Know Was this page helpful? Thanks for letting us know! Get the Latest Tech News Delivered Every Day Email Address Sign up There was an error. Please try again. You're in! Thanks for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. Thank you for signing up. Tell us why! Other Not enough details Hard to understand Submit